Literatur: LEO TOLSTOY

Novelist, Leo Tolstoy was a believer in the novel not as a source of entertainment. But as a tool for psychological education and reform it was in his eyes the Supreme medium by which we can get to know others, especially those who might from the outside seam unappealing and thereby expand our humanity and tolerance you Tolstoy was born in 1828. And yes Nia Pollyanna a huge Family Estate hundred miles. 
South of Moscow. It was to be his home on and off for the rest of his life. His parents died when he was young and he was brought up a relative's he flopped at University one lecturer described him as being unable and unwilling to learn he spent a few years gambling and drinking and chasing gypsy women before signing on as an artillery officer in the Crimean War. He got married in his early 30s his wife Sofia who came from a sophisticated High cultured background was only 18. They had 13 children nine of whom survived in Fancy, it was a difficult marriage. There were huge arguments about sex and bitterness on both sides Leo grew a very long beard became a fitness fanatic and spent most of his time in his study what you did there was to write several.
Hugely successful books among them or in peace Anna Karenina and The Death of Ivan, Ilyich. Tolstoy didn't believe in the idea of Art For Art's Sake. He was deeply invested in the belief that good art should make us less moralistic and judgmental and should be a supplement to religion in terms of developing.
Reserves of kindness and morality this crusading more realistic side of Tolstoy has often been ignored by modern critics who don't wish to dirty art with a mission, but it is in fact the most important side of Tolstoy and none of his efforts can properly be appreciated without keeping it in mind. Tulsa is first great novel with Warren piece published in 1869 when he was 41 in it. We meet the Tasha rostov a delightful free-spirited young woman at the start. She's engaged to and re a kind and sincere man who loves her deeply but Is also rather emotionally remote and avoidant while and raise away traveling in Italy Natasha meets a handsome cynical waster called Anatole and falls under his spell. He almost manages to seduce her and persuade her to run away with him though her family managed to stop her at the very last minute. Everyone is appalled and furious with Natasha this sort of Madness Frets our own prospects and deeply shames her family by the world standards. Natasha has failed terribly if we encountered a new skip about such a person we might
Come to the conclusion that she lies beyond the range of normal sympathy. She had so much. She thought only of herself she got what she deserved and yet Tolstoy is few is it if we grasp what things are like for Natasha inside her mind, we can't and won't withdraw our sympathy. He isn't in truth self-indulgent frivolous or totally lacking in devotion. She's just a sexually inexperienced young woman who feels abandoned by her preoccupied boyfriend. She's someone who is deeply impulsive and warm nature and is easily Carried Away by joy and happiness. He's also acutely worried about letting other people down which is what leads her into trouble with a scheming and manipulative Anatole Tolstoy keeps us on the Tasha side and by doing so he's getting his to rehearse and move. He believes is fundamental to an ethical life.
If we more accurately saw the inner lives of others, they couldn't appear to us in the normal cold and one dimensional way and we would treat them with a kindness which they truly need and deserve no one should be outside the circle of sympathy and forgiveness for Tolstoy a particular task of the know.
It's to help us to understand the so-called dislikable characters. One of the most initially repellent characters in his fiction is the husband of Anna Karenina the heroine of his great novel of the same name the pompous and stiff carentan, but novel a tragedy tells the story for beautiful clever Lively and generous hearted married Anna whose life falls apart when she falls in love with France key a splendid young Cavalry officer and his husband had Alexa karenin is a fussy status conscious mannered high-ranking government official.
Often callous towards Anna and unable to answer her emotional yearnings has affair with France. He develops her husband's main worries that it might lead to social gossip which could undermine his public standing. He appears to have no sincere feelings at all about the marriage itself. He comes across as simply cold and brutish then and it gives first to her Lover's child. She is ill and in a highly touching scene for renin is deeply moved weeps for the infant for the mother and forgives. Anna know you can't forgive me says Anna And yet he suddenly felt a blissful spiritual condition that gave him all at once and you happy. You've never known glad feeling of love and forgiveness for his enemies filled his heart. He knelt down and laying his head in the Curve.
Of Anna's arm. He sobbed like a little child.
Thanks to the judicious Tolstoy. We see entirely unexpected aspects of the man. His inner life is not at all what we would expect judging from the outside. But Tolstoy is point is that Karen is not really an exceptional character. He's just a normal mixture of bad and good. It's highly unusual for rather off-putting people to have huge reserves of berry tenderness to have Dimensions to their characters very different from a normal.
Too much nicer than those that are forbidding appearance suggests. We're invited on a comparable journey in relation to another character in Tolstoy is fiction the hero of the death of Ivan Ilyich published in 1886 at the start of the novel we meet if an high court judge of the Pinnacle of society who appears selfish Vain and cynical but one day while helping hang some curtains even falls from a ladder and becomes aware of an inner pain, which is the first sign of a disease which is soon diagnosed as fatal. You will have just a few months left to live. Live as his health declines even spent a lot of time sitting on the sofa at home his family aware of just how inconvenient his death will be to their social and financial standing begin to resent him and his illness short and ill-tempered back and yet inside if Ann is going through a range of epiphanies. He looks back over his life and a tones for its shallowness. He becomes newly sensitive to Nature and to the ordinary kindness of his manservant a humble uneducated man of peasant stock. He grows Furious a stupid way in which
Avoid paying attention to the one really crucial fact about life that we all die. He realizes that our mortality should be constantly before our minds and should Inspire continual kindness and sympathy as he dies Tolstoy. It imagines if an finally feeling pity and forgiveness for all those around him as is typical in his writing Tolstoy recount in detail the fast philosophical and psychological dramas going on inside his Heroes head all that those around him the doctors and his family get to see is a Sullen man who spends a lot of time with his face to the wall and yet we can see a Visionary a prophet and a man of outstanding moral courage and generosity in writing about Yvonne Tolstoy wanted us to see his life as representative of all human potential. If only we could wake up to it before it's too late when he was about 70 Tolstoy pulled together his thinking about being a writer in a long essay. What is art it's one of his most important books in it Tolstoy proposes that art has a great Mission through great RT tells us low.

Feelings less kind and less need it for the good of humanity are forced out and replaced by kind of feelings which better serve us individually and collectively this is the purpose of art is supremely skilled and seductive writer Tolstoy knew that novels need to be entertaining or we simply won't bother to read them. But he was also convinced that they have to Aspire to be something else as well. He supports for our own stumbling past maturity and kindness and they can do this because they're able to get into a place we need but Rarely have access to the inner lives of other people in what is art Tolstoy was mostly writing about the works of other authors, but it's really his own achievement that he is indirectly in modestly summing-up great writers shouldn't ever just be helping their readers past the time they're writing must be a form of therapy and attempt to educate us towards emotional health and ethical good sense as they aged the tensions between Leo and his wife Sofia grew he complained that they had totally opposite ideas the meaning of existence.
If you insist that even a Sofia grew more and more irritable despotic and uncontrollable. He continued to love her though. He admitted that he had given up trying to express his feelings. There is no greater tragedy than the tragedy of the marital bed. He wrote finally when he was past 80 Tolstoy couldn't take it anymore and deserted his wife and family. He ran away in the middle of a freezing November night caught pneumonia and died at the nearby railway station where he was waiting for a train Tolstoy funeral was a major publication. Thousands showed up from across Russia and the world this was fitting for his Central proposal has enormous social implications Tolstoy realized that on picture of what other people are like, it's a great driving force of relationships economics and politics. He held up the tantalizing idea that aren't would be the major vehicle for getting more accurate and often much Kinder ideas about what's going on in the minds and lives of other people his body was taken back to his house and buried in the garden under some trees.
We like to play as a child.


PK

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