Do you agree with the view that Doctor Faustus has a beginning and an end but no "middle”? Or Discuss the structure or construction or design of the play, Doctor Faustus.
It may be that Marlowe is not answerable
for some of the scenes that were inserted into the middle of the play. Yet to
judge only from the scenes admitted to be Marlowe's and from the ending that
Marlowe devised for the play, it is inconceivable that Faustus should ever have
carried out the grandiose plans which he mentions in the beginning (Act l,
Scene IV, Lines 104-09)-such matters as making a bridge through the moving air
so that bands of men can pass over the ocean, or joining the hills that bind
the African shore to those of Spain. Faustus's basic motivation ensures that
the power he has gained will be used for what are finally frivolous purposes.
(His basic motivation is his desire for self-aggrandisement).
If we assume that Faustus is doomed
once he has signed the contract with the devil, then there is no further
significant action that he can perform and the rest of the play will not have
any dramatic quality. Whether the case of Faustus becomes hopeless early in the
play (that is, immediately after the bond has been signed) is then a matter of
real importance. On a purely legalistic basis of course, Faustus's case is
certainly hopeless. He has signed a contract and must abide by it. This is the
point that the devils insist on most firmly. Yet there are plenty of
indications that Faustus was not the prisoner of one fatal act, namely his
signing the contract. For instance, after Faustus has signed the bond, the Good
Angel reappears and urges Faustus to repent. The Evil Angel, it is true,
appears along with him to insist that repentance will be of no avail. But then
the Evil Angel has appeared along with the Good in the earlier appearance also.
This is not all. The devils, in spite of the contract, are evidently not at all
sure of the soul of Faustus. They find it again and again necessary to argue
with him to bully him, and to threaten him. Mephistophilis considers it very
important to distract Faustus from his depressing thoughts. There is never any
assumption in the play that the bond itself is quite sufficient to ensure
Faustus's damnation. At least once, Lucifer himself has to be called to make
sure that Faustus will not escape. When Faustus in a state of despair, is ready
to commit suicide with the dagger offered to him by Mephistopholis (who feels
happy to make sure in this way, of Faustus’s damnation), the Old Man persuades
Faustus to desist from such a course.
What is meant by 'Aura'? According to Walter Benjamin, aura is a cult quality of art which refers to the uniqueness of art. In the past, art has an aura in it owing to its limited audience and the absence of identical copies. The statue of David, Venus and Mona Lisa had an aura in them. The statues of various gods were confined to the churches and there was no replication of the original. Although the sculptures in the past were appreciated by only priests or few people but they had an aura and spirituality in them. The aura has been lost now because the original art is available everywhere in the form of its authentic identical copies. What is exhibition value? The modern art is created on the basis of its exhibition value i.e its economic benefits. The art is available everywhere and it is no more confined to a special place or time. The artists are rapidly producing copies of the original art owing to its public display and for getting monetary benefits. The m
In his essay, "The Work of Art In The Age of Mechanical Reproduction", Walter Benjamin talks about a move in perception and its effects in the wake of the advent of film and photography in the twentieth century. He additionally mentions Marx on the capitalist method of creation amid the technological revolution; that talks about what could be normal in the future of the industrialist generation, that is — the profiteering of the lower-class and the disintegration of capitalist enterprise. The impact of the innovative propagation of art by craftsmanship tends to play a critical part in the social and political estimations of the society and fascists. Where government officials utilized the art as a method for developing their political plan on the people of society and controlled the exhibition as to pass on just the messages and strategies helpful to their aspirations. Society saw art as a one of a kind instrument of traditional qualities. The replication of art can con
Writing is a technology Plato was thinking of writing as an external, alien technology, as many people today think of the computer. Because we have by today so deeply interiorized writing, made it so much a part of ourselves, as Plato's age had not yet made it fully a part of itself (Havelock 1963), we find it difficult to consider writing to be a technology as we commonly assume printing and the computer to be. Yet writing (and especially alphabetic writing) is a technology, calling for the use of tools and other equipment: styli or brushes or pens, carefully prepared surfaces such as paper, animal skins, strips of wood, as well as inks or paints, and much more. Clanchy (1979, pp. 88-115) discusses the matter circumstantially, in its western medieval context, in his chapter entitled 'The technology of writing'. Writing is in a way the most drastic of the three technologies. It initiated what print and computers only continue, the reduction of dynamic sound to qu
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