The novel primarily follows the lives of two central characters: Katharine Hilbery, a young woman from a well-to-do family, and William Rodney, a struggling poet. Their lives intersect with other characters, including Katharine's family and friends, reflecting the social dynamics and gender roles of early 20th-century England.
Woolf delves into the constraints placed on women during this period, examining the expectations of marriage and societal roles. Katharine's struggle for self-identity and independence is a central focus of the narrative. The novel explores various forms of love—romantic, familial, and platonic—highlighting the complexities and challenges inherent in human connections. Katharine's relationships with both William and her fiancé, the more traditional Ralph, showcase different perspectives on love and commitment.
Woolf intertwines the lives of her characters with artistic pursuits, particularly through William's poetry. The tension between artistic ambition and personal relationships serves as a backdrop for the characters' development. The novel reflects on the social hierarchy of the time, juxtaposing the lives of the upper class with those of the emerging middle class. Woolf's portrayal of various characters offers insights into the social dynamics and class struggles of the era.
Woolf’s narrative technique in Night and Day includes stream of consciousness elements, which allow readers to gain a deeper understanding of the characters’ inner thoughts and emotions. This style foreshadows her later masterpieces, such as Mrs. Dalloway and To the Lighthouse.